Psalm 137 · a question people ask
"Daughter of Babylon, doomed to destruction, he will be happy who repays you, as you have done to us" (137:8). How do Christians read a psalm that ends like this?
First, what the psalm says. It begins with weeping by the rivers of Babylon: "By the rivers of Babylon, there we sat down. Yes, we wept, when we remembered Zion" (137:1). The one verse it speaks to the LORD is a request: "Remember, LORD, against the children of Edom in the day of Jerusalem, who said, “Raze it! Raze it even to its foundation!”" (137:7). Then it speaks to Babylon, and its last two verses are 137:8 and "Happy shall he be, who takes and dashes your little ones against the rock" (137:9). In Hebrew happy in both verses is ashrei, the word the WEB gives as Blessed in "Blessed is the man who doesn’t walk in the counsel of the wicked" (Psalm 1:1) (tap happy). The psalm doesn't say who he is, and the psalmist doesn't say he will act against anyone himself. Christians read words like these in two main ways, each resting on its verses, and these notes don't choose between them. Both agree that the one verse spoken to the LORD is 137:7, that 137:8-9 name no one who repays and don't say the psalmist will, and that 137:8 speaks of repaying Babylon "as you have done to us" (137:8). Christians who hold each view take both of these as words for them: "Vengeance belongs to me; I will repay, says the Lord" (Romans 12:19), and Jesus' "love your enemies… pray for those who mistreat you and persecute you" (Matthew 5:44). They differ on how 137:7-9 sits beside them. The chapter on Psalm 109 sets out the same two readings of that psalm's prayers, with a third that rests on how Acts reads that psalm (Acts 1:16-20); it isn't carried here.
How Christians read it
Where Christians differ, Favor sets out the main views side by side and doesn't pick one.
An appeal to God's justice, leaving vengeance to him
Those who read it this way note that the one verse the psalm speaks to the LORD asks him, not the psalmist, to act: "Remember, LORD, against the children of Edom" (137:7), and that 137:8-9 don't say the psalmist will repay anyone. Paul writes, "Don’t seek revenge yourselves, beloved, but give place to God’s wrath. For it is written, “Vengeance belongs to me; I will repay, says the Lord.”" (Romans 12:19). In Revelation the souls under the altar cry out, "How long, Master, the holy and true, until you judge and avenge our blood on those who dwell on the earth?" (Revelation 6:10), and "They were told that they should rest yet for a while" (Revelation 6:11). Paul says of one man, "Alexander the coppersmith did much evil to me. The Lord will repay him according to his deeds" (2 Timothy 4:14). On this reading, 137:7-9 is a right cry for justice from people who leave the repaying to God, and it sits alongside the call to love one's enemies.
Psalm 137:7-9 · Romans 12:19 · Revelation 6:9-11 · 2 Timothy 4:14
An honest prayer that Jesus' words and example go beyond
Those who read it this way take 137:7-9 as a true record of what was prayed and said, and read it beside what Jesus taught and did. Jesus said, "love your enemies, bless those who curse you, do good to those who hate you, and pray for those who mistreat you and persecute you" (Matthew 5:44). On the cross he prayed, "Father, forgive them, for they don’t know what they are doing" (Luke 23:34). As Stephen was stoned he "cried with a loud voice, “Lord, don’t hold this sin against them!”" (Acts 7:60). Paul wrote, "Bless those who persecute you; bless, and don’t curse" (Romans 12:14). On this reading, 137:7-9 shows how honestly God's people may put their hurt into words, and Jesus' words and example teach his followers to pray for their enemies' good.
Psalm 137:7-9 · Matthew 5:44 · Luke 23:34 · Acts 7:59-60 · Romans 12:14
The verses
“By the rivers of Babylon, there we sat down. Yes, we wept, when we remembered Zion.”
“Remember, LORD, against the children of Edom in the day of Jerusalem, who said, “Raze it! Raze it even to its foundation!” Daughter of Babylon, doomed to destruction, he will be happy who repays you, as you have done to us. Happy shall he be, who takes and dashes your little ones against the rock.”
“Blessed is the man who doesn’t walk in the counsel of the wicked, nor stand on the path of sinners, nor sit in the seat of scoffers;”
“Don’t seek revenge yourselves, beloved, but give place to God’s wrath. For it is written, “Vengeance belongs to me; I will repay, says the Lord.””