Psalm 137 · a question people ask

"Daughter of Babylon, doomed to destruction, he will be happy who repays you, as you have done to us" (137:8). How do Christians read a psalm that ends like this?

Interpretation

First, what the psalm says. It begins with weeping by the rivers of Babylon: "By the rivers of Babylon, there we sat down. Yes, we wept, when we remembered Zion" (137:1). The one verse it speaks to the LORD is a request: "Remember, LORD, against the children of Edom in the day of Jerusalem, who said, “Raze it! Raze it even to its foundation!”" (137:7). Then it speaks to Babylon, and its last two verses are 137:8 and "Happy shall he be, who takes and dashes your little ones against the rock" (137:9). In Hebrew happy in both verses is ashrei, the word the WEB gives as Blessed in "Blessed is the man who doesn’t walk in the counsel of the wicked" (Psalm 1:1) (tap happy). The psalm doesn't say who he is, and the psalmist doesn't say he will act against anyone himself. Christians read words like these in two main ways, each resting on its verses, and these notes don't choose between them. Both agree that the one verse spoken to the LORD is 137:7, that 137:8-9 name no one who repays and don't say the psalmist will, and that 137:8 speaks of repaying Babylon "as you have done to us" (137:8). Christians who hold each view take both of these as words for them: "Vengeance belongs to me; I will repay, says the Lord" (Romans 12:19), and Jesus' "love your enemies… pray for those who mistreat you and persecute you" (Matthew 5:44). They differ on how 137:7-9 sits beside them. The chapter on Psalm 109 sets out the same two readings of that psalm's prayers, with a third that rests on how Acts reads that psalm (Acts 1:16-20); it isn't carried here.

How Christians read it

Where Christians differ, Favor sets out the main views side by side and doesn't pick one.

An appeal to God's justice, leaving vengeance to him

Those who read it this way note that the one verse the psalm speaks to the LORD asks him, not the psalmist, to act: "Remember, LORD, against the children of Edom" (137:7), and that 137:8-9 don't say the psalmist will repay anyone. Paul writes, "Don’t seek revenge yourselves, beloved, but give place to God’s wrath. For it is written, “Vengeance belongs to me; I will repay, says the Lord.”" (Romans 12:19). In Revelation the souls under the altar cry out, "How long, Master, the holy and true, until you judge and avenge our blood on those who dwell on the earth?" (Revelation 6:10), and "They were told that they should rest yet for a while" (Revelation 6:11). Paul says of one man, "Alexander the coppersmith did much evil to me. The Lord will repay him according to his deeds" (2 Timothy 4:14). On this reading, 137:7-9 is a right cry for justice from people who leave the repaying to God, and it sits alongside the call to love one's enemies.

Psalm 137:7-9 · Romans 12:19 · Revelation 6:9-11 · 2 Timothy 4:14

An honest prayer that Jesus' words and example go beyond

Those who read it this way take 137:7-9 as a true record of what was prayed and said, and read it beside what Jesus taught and did. Jesus said, "love your enemies, bless those who curse you, do good to those who hate you, and pray for those who mistreat you and persecute you" (Matthew 5:44). On the cross he prayed, "Father, forgive them, for they don’t know what they are doing" (Luke 23:34). As Stephen was stoned he "cried with a loud voice, “Lord, don’t hold this sin against them!”" (Acts 7:60). Paul wrote, "Bless those who persecute you; bless, and don’t curse" (Romans 12:14). On this reading, 137:7-9 shows how honestly God's people may put their hurt into words, and Jesus' words and example teach his followers to pray for their enemies' good.

Psalm 137:7-9 · Matthew 5:44 · Luke 23:34 · Acts 7:59-60 · Romans 12:14

The verses

“By the rivers of Babylon, there we sat down. Yes, we wept, when we remembered Zion.”
Psalm 137:1 · World English Bible
“Remember, LORD, against the children of Edom in the day of Jerusalem, who said, “Raze it! Raze it even to its foundation!” Daughter of Babylon, doomed to destruction, he will be happy who repays you, as you have done to us. Happy shall he be, who takes and dashes your little ones against the rock.”
Psalm 137:7-9 · World English Bible
“Blessed is the man who doesn’t walk in the counsel of the wicked, nor stand on the path of sinners, nor sit in the seat of scoffers;”
Psalm 1:1 · World English Bible
“Don’t seek revenge yourselves, beloved, but give place to God’s wrath. For it is written, “Vengeance belongs to me; I will repay, says the Lord.””
Romans 12:19 · World English Bible

From Favor's study of Psalm 137

Psalm 137: By the rivers of Babylon

Psalm 137 turns on remember: the captives remembered Zion and wept (137:1), the psalmist vows to remember Jerusalem above his chief joy (137:6), and he asks the LORD to remember what Edom said (137:7). And the song he was asked for as "one of the songs of Zion" (137:3), he calls "the LORD’s song" (137:4).

In Favor, questions like this come up right where they arise as you read, with the Hebrew and Greek behind the words and how the chapter leads to Jesus.

First week free, then $10 a month per person

More questions about Psalm 137

All questions about Psalms →

The best way to learn the Bible

Favor opens up every chapter as you read.

Favor is a Bible study app for your phone or computer. It takes you through the Bible one chapter at a time, a few minutes a day, and shows you what's really there: the words behind the words, the moments most people miss, and how the whole story fits together. For you. For everyone.

  • Every chapter explains itself

    As you read, short notes open up what's really going on, the details most readers walk past, and the honest questions people ask.

  • The Hebrew and Greek behind it

    Tap a highlighted word to see the original, how to say it, and what it means, checked against the original-language texts.

  • Every page leads to Jesus

    Watch promises made in Genesis kept in Jesus. Each line lights up on your map as you read.

  • Better together

    Read on your own, or start a Bible study with friends, family or your church. Answers stay sealed until you meet, then appear together.

  1. 1

    Start your free week

    Sign up in a minute with your email.

  2. 2

    Read a few minutes a day

    Each chapter opens itself up as you go. Tap what you're curious about.

  3. 3

    Bring your people, if you like

    Send one link. Everyone reads the same chapter, then meets to talk.

Start your free week

First week free, then $10 a month per person

Questions like this, in every chapter

The best way to learn the Bible. For you. For everyone.

There's a seat for you at the table.

Start your free week

First week free, then $10 a month per person · Log in

Scripture quotations are from the World English Bible, which is in the public domain. Every answer cites the verses it rests on. What we believe · All Bible questions