Proverbs 18 · a question people ask

"Death and life are in the power of the tongue" (18:21). Does that mean words can kill or give life?

In the text

Here is the whole saying: "Death and life are in the power of the tongue; those who love it will eat its fruit" (18:21). In Hebrew in the power of is beyad, in the hand of, with yad, which Brown-Driver-Briggs gives as "hand". The saying doesn't say how the tongue holds death and life. Its second half says who eats the fruit: "those who love it" (18:21). The verse before speaks of fruit too, the fruit of a man's own mouth:"A man’s stomach is filled with the fruit of his mouth. With the harvest of his lips he is satisfied" (18:20). The chapter shows what words do: a fool's mouth is "his destruction" (18:7), and a gossip's words "go down into a person’s innermost parts" (18:8). Other sayings in the book set the two sides out: "There is one who speaks rashly like the piercing of a sword, but the tongue of the wise heals" (Proverbs 12:18), and "A gentle tongue is a tree of life, but deceit in it crushes the spirit" (Proverbs 15:4). The chapter says no more than this about how words bring death or life, and these notes don't either.

The verses

“A fool’s mouth is his destruction, and his lips are a snare to his soul. The words of a gossip are like dainty morsels: they go down into a person’s innermost parts.”
Proverbs 18:7-8 · World English Bible
“A man’s stomach is filled with the fruit of his mouth. With the harvest of his lips he is satisfied. Death and life are in the power of the tongue; those who love it will eat its fruit.”
Proverbs 18:20-21 · World English Bible
“There is one who speaks rashly like the piercing of a sword, but the tongue of the wise heals.”
Proverbs 12:18 · World English Bible
“A gentle tongue is a tree of life, but deceit in it crushes the spirit.”
Proverbs 15:4 · World English Bible

From Favor's study of Proverbs 18

Proverbs 18: A strong tower

"The LORD’s name is a strong tower" (18:10), and the very next saying calls a rich man's wealth "his strong city, like an unscalable wall in his own imagination" (18:11). In Hebrew both have strong, and are safe and unscalable are one verb: two high places side by side, and the second is high "in his own imagination".

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Scripture quotations are from the World English Bible, which is in the public domain. Every answer cites the verses it rests on. What we believe · All Bible questions