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Ephesians 1 Bible study: Head over all things

Ephesians 1 has fullness twice, the same Greek noun both times: "the fullness of the times, to sum up all things in Christ" (1:10), and, in the chapter's last words, "the fullness of him who fills all in all" (1:23).

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“In him we have our redemption through his blood, the forgiveness of our trespasses, according to the riches of his grace”
Ephesians 1:7 · World English Bible

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“Ephesians 1:23 calls the assembly "his body".”

Is that in Ephesians 1, or not? Make your call.

What's really going on

Paul, an apostle

In the text

The letter opens, "Paul, an apostle of Christ Jesus through the will of God, to the saints who are at Ephesus, and the faithful in Christ Jesus" (1:1). It names one sender, and later he names himself again: "For this cause I, Paul, am the prisoner of Christ Jesus on behalf of you Gentiles" (3:1). So these notes say Paul for the one who speaks in the letter. Its readers are the ones 1:1 names, and the greeting is "Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ." (1:2). These notes say nothing of when or where the letter was written, or of Ephesus and the believers there, beyond what the letter says.

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The Greek word behind it

πλήρωμαpleromasay PLAY-ro-mah

Strong's: "repletion or completion". "to an administration of the fullness of the times" (1:10), and "which is his body, the fullness of him who fills all in all" (1:23): behind fullness both times is this one noun. Strong's gives it as "from G4137", the verb behind fills in the same words of 1:23. Ephesians has the noun four times (in all eight editions TAGNT compares): 1:10 and 1:23 in this chapter, once in chapter 3, and in 4:13. These notes say no more of what the fullness is than the verses say.

For your group

Ephesians 1 Bible study questions

  1. 1"In him we have our redemption through his blood, the forgiveness of our trespasses" (1:7). What does it mean to you to have forgiveness in him?
  2. 2"don’t cease to give thanks for you, making mention of you in my prayers" (1:16). Who could you keep mentioning in your prayers this week?
  3. 3"that you may know what is the hope of his calling" (1:18). What would you most like to know of God as you read this letter?

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Questions

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Last reviewed October 8, 2026. Scripture quotations are from the World English Bible, which is in the public domain. Hebrew and Greek words are checked against the original-language texts and public-domain lexicons. What we believe · Favor home