Psalm 34 · a question people ask
"Not one of them is broken" (34:20). John writes of the cross, "A bone of him will not be broken" (John 19:36). Is John quoting this psalm?
John doesn't say which Scripture he means. At the cross the soldiers "didn’t break his legs" (John 19:33), and John writes, "For these things happened that the Scripture might be fulfilled, ‘A bone of him will not be broken.’" (John 19:36). His words are close to the Passover rule, "Do not break any of its bones" (Exodus 12:46), "nor break a bone of it" (Numbers 9:12), and to this psalm: "He protects all of his bones. Not one of them is broken" (Psalm 34:20). In Hebrew all three have the same words for bone and break. Psalm 34 says this of "the righteous" (Psalm 34:19): in Hebrew the righteous is plural in 34:15 and singular in 34:19 and 34:21, and 34:19-20 go on with him and his bones. Exodus 12's line on the map and Numbers 9's notes set out how Christians read John's words; these notes don't repeat them or choose.
The verses
“The LORD’s eyes are toward the righteous. His ears listen to their cry.”
“Many are the afflictions of the righteous, but the LORD delivers him out of them all. He protects all of his bones. Not one of them is broken. Evil shall kill the wicked. Those who hate the righteous shall be condemned.”
“but when they came to Jesus and saw that he was already dead, they didn’t break his legs.”
“For these things happened that the Scripture might be fulfilled, “A bone of him will not be broken.””