Psalm 15 · a question people ask
What does "keeps an oath even when it hurts" (15:4) mean?
In Hebrew keeps an oath is the verb shava, which Brown-Driver-Briggs gives in this form as "swear, take an oath" (tap oath). Even when it hurts is a form of the verb Brown-Driver-Briggs gives, in that stem, as "do an injury, hurt". And doesn’t change is mur, "change" (Brown-Driver-Briggs), the verb the Law uses for a man who might exchange an animal given to the LORD: "He shall not alter it, nor exchange it" (Leviticus 27:10), where exchange is mur (tap change). The psalm doesn't say which oaths it means. The Law says of a man who "swears an oath to bind his soul with a bond, he shall not break his word" (Numbers 30:2). Ecclesiastes says of vows, "It is better that you should not vow, than that you should vow and not pay" (Ecclesiastes 5:5). And when the Gibeonites were found out, "all the princes" (Joshua 9:19) said: "We have sworn to them by the LORD, the God of Israel. Now therefore we may not touch them" (Joshua 9:19), where sworn is shava. The psalm doesn't name that oath, and Joshua 9's own honest question weighs it.
The verses
“in whose eyes a vile man is despised, but who honors those who fear the LORD; he who keeps an oath even when it hurts, and doesn’t change;”
“He shall not alter it, nor exchange it, a good for a bad, or a bad for a good. If he shall at all exchange animal for animal, then both it and that for which it is exchanged shall be holy.”
“When a man vows a vow to the LORD, or swears an oath to bind his soul with a bond, he shall not break his word. He shall do according to all that proceeds out of his mouth.”
“It is better that you should not vow, than that you should vow and not pay.”